12/29/2023 0 Comments Ego and superegoSeeing them as a reflection of unconscious desires, linguists today have found that slips of the tongue tend to occur when we are tired, nervous, or not at our optimal level of cognitive functioning (Motley, 2002). Speech errors such as this are quite common. Freud suggested that slips of the tongue are actually sexual or aggressive urges, accidentally slipping out of our unconscious. You’ve probably heard of a Freudian slip, the term used to describe this. For example, we sometimes say things that we don’t intend to say by unintentionally substituting another word for the one we meant. According to Freud, unacceptable urges and desires are kept in our unconscious through a process called repression. Our unconscious refers to that mental activity of which we are unaware and are unable to access (Freud, 1923). He said that only about one-tenth of our mind is conscious, and the rest of our mind is unconscious. To explain the concept of conscious versus unconscious experience, Freud compared the mind to an iceberg ( ). However, Freud continued to work to refine talk therapy and build his theory on personality. Breuer disagreed with Freud, which soon ended their work together. Based on Breuer’s description of Anna O.’s treatment, Freud concluded that hysteria was the result of sexual abuse in childhood and that these traumatic experiences had been hidden from consciousness. Despite the fact the Freud never met Anna O., her story served as the basis for the 1895 book, Studies on Hysteria, which he co-authored with Breuer. called his treatment the “talking cure” (Launer, 2005). and discovered that allowing her to talk about her experiences seemed to bring some relief of her symptoms. He spent 2 years (1880–1882) treating Anna O. In Freud’s day, these symptoms were commonly referred to as hysteria. had been caring for her dying father when she began to experience symptoms such as partial paralysis, headaches, blurred vision, amnesia, and hallucinations (Launer, 2005). During this time, Freud became intrigued by the story of one of Breuer’s patients, Bertha Pappenheim, who was referred to by the pseudonym Anna O. In the early years of his career, Freud worked with Josef Breuer, a Viennese physician. However, Freud was the first to systematically study and theorize the workings of the unconscious mind in the manner that we associate with modern psychology. There was no such thing as a degree in psychology at the time that he received his education, which can help us understand some of the controversy over his theories today. When reading Freud’s theories, it is important to remember that he was a medical doctor, not a psychologist. Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) is probably the most controversial and misunderstood psychological theorist. Define and describe the psychosexual stages of personality development.Define and describe the defense mechanisms.Define and describe the nature and function of the id, ego, and superego.Describe the assumptions of the psychodynamic perspective on personality development.However, it’s interesting to see how Pi’s id (survival instincts) is powerful enough to take charge over the superego and ends up killing the fish for the two of them.By the end of this section, you will be able to: He subconsciously knows that he should not be killing a live species due to religion, and also knows that he should not be eating fish (he is a vegetarian because of his religion). In this situation, his superego makes him hesitant to kill it. This could be the hidden meaning for Pi’s natural instincts.Īnother example is when Pi struggled with killing the fish for Richard Parker and himself to eat. ![]() In both the novel and the movie, Pi tells us that Richard Parker is the reason why he had a chance to survive. Richard Parker is Pi’s survival instincts (id), which we are all born with the moment we are born. Richard Parker is the one who kills the hyena, which is parallel to Pi killing the cook (another version of the story he tells to Japanese reports at the very end of the movie). Some researchers believe that Richard Parker, the tiger, is actually a symbolism of Pi’s id. ![]() This also shows what imbalance of personalities can do to us. There was no superego or ego that could have stopped it from killing the zebra. The hyena on the lifeboat is an example of id, because of how it killed the zebra due to hunger.
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